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Agronomic dataset generation through optical sensors

We offer a specialised service focused on the acquisition and interpretation of image datasets captured through optical sensors. These datasets provide valuable agronomic indicators such as Leaf Area Index (LAI), biomass, plant count, and more. Key insights that reflect crop health and growth patterns could be generated by analysing these data. These image-based datasets are crucial for training algorithms that predict various agronomic parameters, such as plant growth, height, yield potential, and other important metrics. The measurements of these indicators are carried out on several sites presenting a variety of agro-climatic conditions and allowing the collection of a representative and reliable dataset.

Collection of test data

Data analysis

Provision of datasets

AI model training

Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI)

Università degli Studi di Milano

This service concerns training AI models on behalf of the customer for a specific task and optimisation objective, e.g., improving accuracy on crop classification from image data.

The target model is the solution provided by the customer that needs to be enhanced with respect to a set of predetermined features to reach the desired performance level. However, if required, the training can also be applied to additional state-of-the-art models available in the market for benchmarking purposes.

If not defined by the customer, some features of the training process can be identified via service S00179 (desk assessment activities for digital systems and/or data): for instance, model features to improve, reference model baselines to include in the performance comparison, as well as benchmark datasets.

The data used for training the model can be either provided by the customer or annotated ad hoc as a preparatory activity to model training (via service S00290 – Data labelling); another possibility is that data are retrieved among reference benchmark datasets that are openly available. We will also agree with customers on the level of hardware acceleration required, based on the considered AI models, e.g., GPU acceleration via connection to a remote server vs on-device training.

AI model training

Benchmarking & Testing Suite for Edge Hardware Systems

Lukasiewicz Poznanski Instytut Technologiczny

Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center (PSNC)

The Benchmarking & Testing Suite for Edge Hardware Systems delivers a set of tests designed to evaluate the performance, reliability, and functionality of edge hardware and its components under various operational conditions.

The tests can be compared to specific industry standards or the performance of other solutions available on the market. Examples of tests offered as part of the service:

- Environmental tests: Assessing devices' resistance to extreme conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and vibrations.

- Signal tests: Evaluating devices using GNSS signal generators, testing their resilience to interference or false signals.

- Network tests: Evaluate device performance within a prototype 5G network infrastructure.

- Functional tests: Assessing the capability of devices, such as remote PTZ (pan, tilt, zoom) cameras, to perform operational tasks in field conditions.

- Integration tests: Examining the cooperation of edge devices with sensors, AI systems, and their responses to data input failures. - Accuracy tests: Measuring the precision of sensors and control systems. Test results can be compared to specified standards or the performance of competitive solutions, enabling customers to better understand their devices' capabilities.

Collection of test data

Desk assessment

Performance evaluation

Test design

Test execution

Test setup

Calibration and Optimisation of Technological Quality Measurement Methods for Cereal Grain

Our service provides access to grain samples and comprehensive technological quality analysis conducted at Arvalis facilities, enabling the development of AI-powered grain analysis solutions. Clients can work with well-documented samples from one or multiple species, enriched with detailed metadata such as variety, harvest year, and collection location crucial for training and validating AI models. Beyond sample selection and preparation, our experts assist in choosing, testing, and validating analytical methods, covering rheological properties (Alvéolab), breadmaking tests, and protein content measurement (Infratec, Dumas). These high-quality datasets, combined with access to Arvalis facilities and controlled testing environments, provide an ideal foundation for developing machine learning algorithms that enhance grain quality prediction, automate classification, and optimise processing parameters. With our service, clients can accelerate the development, validation, and deployment of AI-driven grain analysis tools, ensuring they meet industry standards and deliver precise, reproducible results. Our expertise in analytical methods allows customers to refine their models, improve prediction accuracy, and scale AI solutions for real-world agricultural applications.

Collection of test data

Desk assessment

Performance evaluation

Provision of datasets

Test design

Test execution

Test setup

Collection of test data during physical testing

Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI)

Università degli Studi di Milano

Through this service, we offer dedicated technical systems (hardware and software) and expertise for the collection of relevant data during testing.

The scope of data collected can range from data generated by the AgrifoodTEF technical infrastructure (e.g., through the installation of IoT sensors) to the collection of data generated by the system under test to the generation of ground truth for evaluating the system. If necessary, service S00111 may be leveraged to take care of the interconnection between AgrifoodTEF data collection systems and the customer’s systems.

In addition to the raw collected data, we will also provide customers with complete documentation describing the logged features and conditions of the testing environment at the time of testing, as well as any parameter values, variation ranges and specifics required for reproducibility purposes.

Where necessary, data collection and documentation activities can require the involvement of field experts (e.g., engineers, agronomists).

Note: annotation and labelling of collected data, if needed, can be provided via service S00115.

Collection of test data

Collection of test data during digital testing

Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI)

Università degli Studi di Milano

One of the key activities during digital testing is the collection of data concerning the progression and the final outcome of the tests. Such data enable the evaluation of system performance by the customer or – if needed – by agrifoodTEF (via Service S00184). This service manages the collection of data relevant to performance evaluation produced during the tests by both the system under test and the computational environment where the tests take place.

Examples of collected data comprise information produced within a virtual environment to simulate sensor data collection in a physical environment; statistics about AI model performance in the test and deployment phase (e.g., occupied memory, number of trainable parameters, training/optimisation loss, etc.); specific labels and annotations to use as ground truth for evaluating the system; and system output when subjected to a range of test conditions.

The minimum set of data to be collected is defined by the evaluation metrics that the user chose (either on their own or with agrifoodTEF support, via Service S00178) to process them; generally, a larger set of data wrt the minimum is selected by agrifoodTEF together with the customer to provide a richer view of the system’s performance and to enable the application of other metrics in the future, if needed.

As an output of the service, in addition to the raw data, we also provide the customer with documentation describing logged features and conditions of the testing environment at the time of testing, as well as any parameter values, variation ranges and specifics required for reproducibility purposes.

Collection of test data

Curation and provision of annotated datasets

Lukasiewicz Poznanski Instytut Technologiczny

Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center (PSNC)

The service provides access to annotated data collected from devices tested as part of other project services. It includes both data annotation services (manual and automatic) and the provision of annotated databases or data packages. In addition, we offer disc space for temporary archiving of the collected data along with its annotation in cases where this is not possible at the client's site. As a result of the service, procedures for both manual and automatic annotation will be identified that are appropriate to the type of measurement data and the way it is collected and assembled. The methods of labelling and assigning specific data classes collected by the agriFoodTEF technical infrastructure will be proposed. Possibilities for documenting and storing data in datasets will be indicated. In addition, procedures for extracting selected features from stored research data can be offered.

Collection of test data

Provision of datasets

Data labelling

Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI)

Università degli Studi di Milano

This service concerns the curation of ground truth annotations for testing and experimentation data. More specifically, data labelling concerns the association of portions of data (e.g., image regions) to descriptions that provide information about the significance of those portions. In particular, labelling is required whenever the data are meant to be used for model training.

We also provide labelling services for domain-specific data attributes, such as disease indicators and their confounding factors, by experts in agronomy. The labelled data will be accompanied by a report synthesising quality metrics and statistics like the number of data points annotated, percentage of the full set covered for the annotations, number of annotators and the inter-annotator agreement.

Data augmentation

Data validation and processing

Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI)

Università degli Studi di Milano

Through this service, we offerers the ability to validate and augment the data collected during the different testing phases. Examples of operations that this service can provide include quality checks (e.g., presence of all datastreams, presence of drop-outs, technical quality such as focus or exposure of camera images, agronomic significance of data); preparation for performance evaluation (e.g., identification of the images containing selected visual markers or specific plants, association between images from the system under test and the ground truth); data processing (e.g., transcoding); and augmentation (e.g., generation and incorporation of metadata). Data labelling (e.g., to enable training of AI models) is not included as it is the object of a separate service (S00291).

Data analysis

Data augmentation

Dataset Generation Based on Agronomic Simulation Models

Our Agronomic Model-Based Dataset Generation service provides agricultural data derived from our internally developed agronomic models, designed and validated by our experts using experimental data. By simulating real-world agricultural conditions, we generate key insights such as growth stage dates for cereals, biomass production, nitrogen requirements, and carbon sequestration, offering highly reliable datasets to support crop modelling, soil analysis, climate impact assessment, and precision agriculture.

Provision of datasets

Design of evaluation metrics for digital testing

Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI)

Università degli Studi di Milano

Any test activity involves three main components, i.e.: environment (where the tests take place), protocol (defining what activities are executed and how) and evaluation metrics (used to assess the results of the tests). This service concerns the last element; its goal is to design the best metrics to evaluate the performance of digital systems such as (for instance) AI models or Computer Vision software. The digital environment and the testing protocol metrics can be designed -if required- via services S00176 and S00177.

Our team will identify and define with customers the most adequate set of quantitative metrics to assess the outcome of the digital testing activities. In order to ensure the relevance of the metrics with respect to the real-world use cases, the team will involve engineers and agronomists. 

The metrics will be adapted not only to the task that the digital system under test (e.g., a piece of software) is designed to perform, but also to the features of the data used for the tests. For instance, a customer that has developed a machine incorporating an AI model will be interested in testing the model on data generated by their own machine: the performance metrics will therefore need to be adapted to the specific features of those data.

Test design

Design of evaluation metrics for physical testing

Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI)

Università degli Studi di Milano

Any physical test activity involves three main components: environment (where the tests take place), protocol (defining what tests are executed and how) and evaluation metrics (used to assess the results of the tests). This service concerns the last element; its goal is to design the best metrics to evaluate the performance of a customer solution, taking into consideration the use cases specified by the customer and the environment and protocol chosen for the tests (which, if needed, can be designed via services S00106 and S00107).

Our team will identify and define with customers the most adequate set of quantitative (i.e., based on instrumental measurements) and/or qualitative (i.e., relying on expert human judgement) metrics to assess the system functionalities of interest. This phase will involve, in particular, agronomists and experts in agricultural machinery.

Based on the defined evaluation metrics, a set of requirements for the collection of required data and ground truth annotations will also be defined accordingly. For instance, the service may lay out the specifications for dedicated data collection campaigns (possibly executed via service S00113). This phase will involve engineers and experts in AI and robotics.

On request, the output of the service will include analyses on additional environmental factors than those directly tracked through the designed metrics (e.g., seasonal effects, impact of test distribution over time on results).

Test design

Catalogue of Services

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